Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment Cost: Official Fees, EU and UK Visa Limits and Risks

What is Vanuatu citizenship by investment?

Vanuatu citizenship by investment is a set of statutory routes under which a foreign national acquires Vanuatu citizenship, and with it a Vanuatu passport, in exchange for a prescribed payment or investment, without having to live in the country. The legal basis is the Citizenship Act [Cap 112], in force since 1980 and amended in 2013, twice in 2014 and again in 2018, together with constitutional amendments that took effect in 2014 and recognise dual citizenship. Fees are set by regulation, including the Citizenship (Development Support Program) Regulations Order No. 33 of 2019.

The Citizenship Office lists several investor-linked categories alongside ordinary naturalisation:

• Development Support Program (DSP). A non-refundable contribution to the government. This is the route most applicants use and the one behind the "from USD 130,000" headline.
• Vanuatu Contribution Program (VCP). A separate contribution-based category listed by the Citizenship Office.
• Capital Investment Immigration Plan (CIIP), Form D. An investor route with its own fee schedule, promoted, according to the Office's published procedure, through Vanuatu Registry Services, a company based in Hong Kong.
• Real Estate Option (REO). Launched on 23 July 2021, it requires the purchase of property in a Vanuatu Government Approved Project in addition to the prescribed fees. Four projects are listed, three on Efate and one on Espiritu Santo.

Applications are lodged through government-designated agents rather than directly by the applicant, and approval rests with the Citizenship Commission. The EU dates the modern investor schemes to 25 May 2015, when the number of successful applicants began to rise significantly, as recorded in Regulation (EU) 2025/11. Vanuatu is not the only jurisdiction rethinking how residence and nationality are sold: Corporate INTL reported in September on Latvia closing its property route to residence, and specialist immigration and citizenship advisers are seeing clients revisit second-passport plans across the board.

Vanuatu citizenship by investment cost: the official fee table

The official Vanuatu citizenship by investment cost under the DSP is USD 130,000 for one applicant, rising in fixed tiers for families, with a USD 5,000 FIU due diligence fee on top. The Citizenship Office explains that every application involves two different fees: an application fee, which for all routes other than Form D is 5,000 vatu per application and is paid when the application is lodged, and a citizenship (certificate) fee, which is paid only after the Commission has approved the application.

Item (Citizenship Office table)	Government mandated fee
FIU due diligence fee	USD 5,000
Single applicant	USD 130,000
Married couple	USD 150,000
Married couple plus 1 child	USD 165,000
Married couple plus 2 children	USD 180,000
Additional applicant	USD 10,000 each
Form D (CIIP) application fee	USD 250 per application
Form D (CIIP) citizenship fee	USD 260,000, covering applicant, spouse and 1 child under 18
Form D extra child under 18	USD 19,250 per person
Form D dependant aged 18 to 21	USD 44,250 per person

The same figures appear in Global Law Experts' official fee breakdown of the Vanuatu passport cost, which reproduces the Citizenship Office table and adds a useful point on timing: because the government contribution falls due only after approval in principle, an applicant's exposure before that milestone is broadly limited to the non-refundable due diligence fee and any agent retainer. Under the DSP, the contribution itself is non-refundable once paid.

Two cautions apply. First, the Citizenship Office itself encourages applicants to confirm current fees with the Office, and its downloadable schedules date from amendments made in 2013 and 2014 and the 2019 order, so the published table should be read as the baseline rather than a quotation. Second, market materials for the CIIP often describe packages that include a redeemable investment element, but the official page lists only the Form D fees above; any refundable structure should be confirmed in writing before funds move.

How much does it cost to get citizenship in Vanuatu all in?

A realistic all-in budget for a single DSP applicant sits at roughly USD 150,000 to 155,000, once bank charges, agent or legal fees and passport costs are added to the government figures, according to Global Law Experts' cost guide. The table below reproduces its illustrative scenarios; the government lines are official, and every other line is a market estimate that will vary by provider and file.

Scenario (DSP)	Government contribution	FIU fee	Bank and transfer (est.)	Agent and legal (est.)	Passport, biometrics, certificates (est.)	Indicative all-in total
Single applicant	USD 130,000	USD 5,000	USD 6,500	USD 10,000	USD 1,000	USD 152,500
Couple	USD 150,000	USD 5,000	USD 7,500	USD 12,000	USD 1,500	USD 176,000
Family of four	USD 180,000	USD 5,000	USD 9,000	USD 15,000	USD 2,500	USD 211,500

Those estimates assume bank and remittance costs of about 5 per cent of the contribution, within a range of roughly 2 to 6 per cent that the guide attributes to industry observers, and agent or legal fees from around USD 5,000 for a clean single file to USD 25,000 or more for complex family cases. Document legalisation, translation and courier costs can add a further USD 500 to 1,500.

Sources do not agree on every line, and advisers should say so to clients. The official table shows a single USD 5,000 FIU fee, and Global Law Experts' cost guide treats it as per application. Its family guide, however, gives due diligence ranges of USD 5,000 to 8,000 for a single applicant rising to USD 14,000 to 18,000 for a family of four, and older market material quoted USD 7,000. The likeliest explanations are agent surcharges and per-person checks layered on the government fee, but the only reliable answer is an engagement letter that itemises government, FIU, agent and bank charges separately. For clients weighing the outlay against other uses of capital, independent wealth management advisers can model the opportunity cost of a non-refundable contribution against a redeemable or property-based route.

Family add-ons: spouses, children and parents

Families pay on a sliding scale under the DSP: USD 150,000 for a married couple, USD 165,000 with one child, USD 180,000 with two children and USD 10,000 for each additional applicant, according to the official fee table. The Form D route prices families differently: its USD 260,000 fee covers the applicant, a spouse and one child under 18, with USD 19,250 for each extra child under 18 and USD 44,250 for each dependant aged 18 to 21.

Who counts as a dependant is less clearly published. Global Law Experts' guide to Vanuatu citizenship for families says that, in general practice, children under 18 qualify automatically, children aged 18 to 25 in full-time education may qualify with enrolment evidence and proof of financial dependency, adult children with a certified disability can be considered case by case, and dependent parents of the applicant or spouse may be included with proof of financial dependency and additional per-person fees. It also notes that dependants aged 16 or over generally need their own police clearance certificates and face due diligence checks. These are market-practice descriptions rather than rules set out on the Citizenship Office's fee page, so the age limits that apply to a particular file should be confirmed with the designated agent.

Family files raise issues beyond price. Custody of children from a previous relationship, consent of the other parent and the status of adopted or stepchildren all need documentary support, and an adviser should check whether a child acquiring a second nationality has knock-on effects in the family's home country. Family and private client lawyers are usually best placed to review those points before an application is lodged.

Eligibility, due diligence and the application process

To qualify, a main applicant must be at least 18, have a clean criminal record and lawful, documented source of funds, and must pass due diligence checks before the Commission will approve the application. Global Law Experts lists the standard documents: a valid passport and national identity card, birth and marriage certificates, police clearance certificates from each country of residence or nationality, source of funds evidence such as bank statements, tax returns and company accounts, and certified translations and apostilles where needed. Certain nationalities are restricted, and applicants on international sanctions lists are likely to be refused; advisers whose clients have exposure to sanctioned jurisdictions should also read our explainer on how secondary sanctions reach non-US persons.

The Citizenship Office's published application process runs in broad terms as follows:

1. The applicant, through a designated agent, completes the relevant form and gathers the documents on its checklist.
2. The application is lodged and the application fee is paid.
3. Officers check eligibility, completeness and the validity of documents, and the file passes through screening.
4. The Citizenship Commission considers and approves, defers or rejects the application.
5. About a week after the Commission meets, the applicant receives a decision letter setting out the final steps.
6. The applicant completes the oath and pays the citizenship fee, after which the certificate is issued and a passport can be applied for.

Screening has changed. According to the recitals of Regulation (EU) 2025/11, Vanuatu amended its Citizenship Act in March 2023 to replace the former Internal Screening Committee with three institutions, the Vanuatu Police Force, the Financial Intelligence Unit and the Vanuatu Immigration Services, which carry out checks including searches of Interpol databases and report to the Secretary-General of the Citizenship Commission. The EU's criticism is that this still does not let Vanuatu verify identity documents and criminal records issued abroad, because it does not exchange information with applicants' countries of origin or residence, and that there is no interview.

One practical point is unclear on the public record. The Citizenship Office's procedure states that oaths are completed before a Commissioner of Oath in a Vanuatu court, and that applicants living abroad must travel to Vanuatu to do so, although that passage sits in the section on ordinary applications. Global Law Experts' family guide says the oath for investment routes can typically be taken at a Vanuatu embassy, consulate or designated agent's office, and its cost guide notes that passport issuance needs biometric enrolment in Port Vila or at an approved centre. Clients should be told that travel may be required and that the agent must confirm the arrangement in writing.

How long does Vanuatu citizenship take?

Vanuatu is marketed as the fastest citizenship by investment programme, and the evidence broadly supports that: clean DSP files are commonly processed in 30 to 60 days. Global Law Experts gives 30 to 60 days from document submission to passport for well-prepared files, while its family guide suggests three to six months is more typical for larger families and six to twelve months for complex cases.

The speed is also what worries regulators. Vanuatu told the European Commission that screening and due diligence take a maximum of 14 days, extendable to 30, according to Regulation (EU) 2025/11, which cited that short deadline, and a very low rejection rate, as evidence that the screening process is unreliable. In 2022 and 2023, Vanuatu received 1,988 investment-based applications and rejected only 27.

There is also a deadline on the applicant's side. Once the Commission approves an application, the applicant has three months to complete the oath and pay the citizenship fee, extendable on written request by a further two months, according to the Citizenship Office. If that window is missed, the approval expires and a fresh application is needed, which matters for clients who must raise or move funds after approval.

Is a Vanuatu passport strong? EU and UK access today

A Vanuatu passport is markedly weaker than it was when the programme took off, because the two markets most clients care about, the Schengen area and the UK, now both require visas from Vanuatu nationals. Agent marketing still quotes visa-free counts ranging from the 90s to more than 110 destinations; those figures vary by source, none is published by the Vanuatu government, and any destination that matters to a client should be checked against that country's official rules.

The EU position developed in stages, set out in the recitals of Regulation (EU) 2025/11:

Date	EU measure	Effect
28 May 2015	EU and Vanuatu visa waiver agreement signed and applied provisionally	Visa-free short stays for Vanuatu nationals
3 March 2022	Council Decision (EU) 2022/366	Partial suspension for ordinary passports issued from 25 May 2015
4 May 2022	Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/693	Temporary suspension of the visa exemption to 3 February 2023
4 February 2023	Council Decision (EU) 2022/2198 and Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/222	Agreement suspended in full; visa required for all Vanuatu nationals
31 May 2024	Commission proposal	Permanent reintroduction of the visa requirement proposed
19 December 2024	Regulation (EU) 2025/11 adopted (published 14 January 2025)	Vanuatu moved to the visa-required list
4 February 2025	Visa requirement becomes permanent	Applies across the Schengen area, including Switzerland

When it proposed the permanent change, the European Commission said that Vanuatu's legislative changes had not been sufficient to mitigate the security risks of its investor citizenship schemes. The Swiss Federal Council confirmed that from 4 February 2025 Vanuatu citizens can no longer enter the Schengen area without a visa. The requirement applies to every Vanuatu national, not only investor citizens.

The UK acted first. On 19 July 2023 the government announced a visa requirement for ni-Vanuatu nationals in response to concerns about the citizenship by investment scheme, with a four-week transition for travellers who had already booked. Vanuatu remains on the UK's visa national list, last updated on 5 March 2026, so a Vanuatu passport holder needs a Standard Visitor visa before travelling. Some marketing pages still describe UK visa-free access; that is out of date. For context on how passport strength is measured and how quickly it can shift, see our earlier look at the most and least powerful passports.

What investor citizenship does not give you: votes, office and certainty

Vanuatu investor citizenship gives a passport and the right to live in Vanuatu, but not full political rights, and it can in limited circumstances be revoked. On 14 August 2026 the Court of Appeal dismissed an appeal by an Indian-born DSP citizen who had been refused registration as a voter. Indian law had automatically ended his Indian citizenship when he became a Vanuatu citizen, and he argued that he was therefore no longer a dual citizen. The seven-judge court held that a person who takes the dual citizenship route becomes a dual citizen for constitutional purposes when citizenship is granted, that losing the other nationality later does not change that status, and that the restrictions on dual citizens in political life under Article 13(3) of the Constitution continue to apply. It added that Article 4 vests national sovereignty in indigenous and naturalised citizens.

Revocation is the second limit. The Citizenship Commission may revoke citizenship that was granted fraudulently, granted contrary to the Citizenship Act or the Constitution, or where the holder does not comply with the Act's restrictions. The Andrew Tate episode shows how that works in practice. ABC Pacific reported on 21 September 2026 that his citizenship had been revoked; on 24 September the Commission's chairman, Charlie Maniel, said the Commission had not made a decision to revoke, citing insufficient evidence on its records and recent due diligence, as RNZ reported. The Commission's statement, as reported by OCCRP, said Vanuatu law allows revocation where a person is sentenced to 10 years or more in prison; RNZ described the threshold as a conviction of more than 10 years. Tate denies the criminal allegations he faces in the UK and Romania. Glen Craig, a government adviser who helped design the current scheme, told RNZ there is now a "triple-check system" with independent screening at each stage.

A third development points the same way. Under the Nakamal Agreement with Australia, Vanuatu agreed to "differentiate citizenship by investment from other forms of citizenship", according to ASPI's The Strategist. How that distinction will be applied has not been set out publicly, and clients with Australian ties may want input from advisers in Australia.

Reforms so far and the risks that remain

Vanuatu has tightened its programme since 2021, but the EU's assessment is that the changes have not resolved the core risks, and that judgment, rather than Vanuatu's own reforms, now governs the passport's value in Europe. The recitals of Regulation (EU) 2025/11 record that Vanuatu barred dual citizens from registering name changes from 2021 but holds no records of name changes registered before 2019; that it moved due diligence to the police, FIU and immigration services in March 2023; and that a commission of inquiry set up in February 2023 into past wrongdoing had not reported by April 2024.

The EU also noted that Vanuatu had no structural mechanism to review the more than 10,000 passports issued before the 2023 amendments, and that it continued to accept applications from Russian nationals after Russia's invasion of Ukraine. In 2023, the largest groups of applicants were from China (519) and Russia (237).

The Citizenship Office's website states that the current Commission has revoked almost 30 citizenships granted contrary to the Act and the Constitution, although the notice is undated and does not say how many involved investor routes. In Regulation (EU) 2025/11 the EU recorded that Vanuatu had provided no information on actual revocations of investor citizenship.

The dialogue continues. In August 2026 the EU Ambassador to the Pacific, Barbara Plinkert, told the Vanuatu Daily Post that the EU and Vanuatu remain in talks on the risks of citizenship by investment, framed as a security, money laundering and terrorism financing issue, and that it matters whether passport holders have a genuine connection to the country. Nothing in the public record suggests the EU is about to reverse its decision. The practical risks for clients therefore include further loss of travel access, reputational exposure if the programme attracts more adverse headlines, enhanced scrutiny from banks that treat a CBI passport as a due diligence flag, and the residual possibility of revocation.

How Vanuatu compares with Caribbean programmes and Malta's former route

Vanuatu remains cheaper and faster than the Eastern Caribbean programmes, but the Caribbean passports still carry visa-free access to the Schengen area, which Vanuatu's no longer does, and Malta's EU route has been ruled unlawful. The table compares headline figures from official sources.

Programme	Headline minimum (official)	Due diligence or processing fees	Schengen short stays	UK short visits
Vanuatu DSP	USD 130,000 single applicant	FIU fee USD 5,000	Visa required since 2023, permanent since February 2025	Visa required since July 2023
St Kitts and Nevis SISC	USD 250,000 for main applicant or family of up to four	USD 10,000 main applicant; USD 7,500 per dependant 16 or over; interview required	Visa-free, under EU scrutiny	Not on UK visa national list
Dominica EDF	USD 200,000 single applicant	Contribution rises with additional dependants	Visa-free, under EU scrutiny	Visa required (on UK visa national list)
Antigua and Barbuda NDF	USD 230,000 single applicant or family of four	Processing fees USD 10,000 single; USD 20,000 family of four	Visa-free, under EU scrutiny	Not on UK visa national list
Malta (former investor route)	Not applicable	Not applicable	Ruled incompatible with EU law in April 2025	Not applicable

The figures come from the St Kitts and Nevis Citizenship by Investment Unit, the Dominica CBIU, which says approval typically takes three to four months, and Antigua and Barbuda's CIU. Grenada and Saint Lucia also run programmes; we have not tabulated their current figures because we could not confirm them from an official source at the time of writing. Saint Lucia, like Dominica, appears on the UK's visa national list.

The Caribbean advantage in Europe is under pressure. In its eighth report under the Visa Suspension Mechanism of 19 December 2025, the Commission estimated that around 107,000 passports have been issued through the five Eastern Caribbean schemes, with 13,113 applications in 2023 and 10,573 in 2024, and rejection rates in 2024 of 1.7 per cent in Antigua and Barbuda, 5.3 per cent in Saint Lucia and 6.5 per cent in Dominica. It acknowledged that the five had harmonised a USD 200,000 minimum investment and strengthened screening, but called the schemes a persistent and serious security concern and a potential ground for suspending visa-free travel. The revised suspension mechanism, agreed by Parliament and Council negotiators in June 2025, adds investor citizenship schemes as an express ground. Clients with Caribbean options can find specialists through our directories for Antigua and Barbuda and Dominica.

Malta's route is the clearest warning. On 29 April 2025 the Court of Justice, sitting as a Grand Chamber in Commission v Malta (C-181/23), held that Malta's citizenship by naturalisation for exceptional services by direct investment scheme breached Article 20 TFEU and the principle of sincere cooperation, because a transactional naturalisation in exchange for predetermined payments or investments amounts to the commercialisation of EU citizenship. Advisers with clients who acquired or applied for Maltese citizenship by that route should take advice from specialists in Malta.

What advisers should check before recommending Vanuatu

Before recommending Vanuatu, an adviser should be clear about what the client actually needs the passport for, because for European or UK travel it no longer delivers. Vanuatu can still make sense for clients who value speed, a lower entry price and a backup nationality, and who accept the visa position and the political-rights limits. A practical checklist:

• Purpose. Match the passport to the client's real travel and residence needs, and check each key destination against official sources rather than a marketing list.
• Itemised costs. Insist on an engagement letter that separates the government contribution, FIU fee, agent fees and bank charges, and records refund terms at each stage.
• Agent status. Confirm the agent appears on the Citizenship Office's designated agents register.
• Source of funds. Prepare a documented narrative early; adverse media, politically exposed person status or sanctions exposure will slow or sink a file.
• Home-country rules. Check whether the client's existing nationality survives the acquisition of another, as the Court of Appeal case shows it may not.
• Tax. Global Law Experts notes that Vanuatu levies no personal income, capital gains or inheritance tax, but a new passport does not change tax residence or domicile on its own; see our guide to the UK inheritance tax tail for people who leave, and involve tax advisers early.
• Structuring and banking. Expect banks to apply enhanced due diligence to a CBI passport, and consider whether the objective is better met through asset protection planning or a residence route.

Clients resident in the Gulf can start with our directory of advisers in the United Arab Emirates. For cross-border families weighing Vanuatu against other routes, specialist immigration counsel can compare programmes on cost, timing and risk rather than headline price.

The Vanuatu citizenship by investment cost is easy to state; what has changed is the value on the other side of the ledger. The official price is still USD 130,000 plus a USD 5,000 FIU fee for one person, with a realistic all-in budget nearer USD 150,000 to 155,000. In return, clients now get a fast passport that needs visas for Europe and the UK, carries no vote and depends on a programme that the EU, Australia and Vanuatu's own courts are all actively shaping.

Related reading on Corporate INTL

These Corporate INTL pages cover the wider investment migration and private-client picture:

Topic	Read or find help
Why wealthy families seek a second nationality	Kenya's elite look for a second country to call home
Caribbean citizenship specialists	Find an expert in Grenada

Frequently asked questions

How much does it cost to get citizenship in Vanuatu?

Under the Development Support Program the official government contribution is USD 130,000 for a single applicant, USD 150,000 for a couple and USD 180,000 for a couple with two children, plus a USD 5,000 FIU due diligence fee. With bank, agent and passport costs, a realistic single-applicant budget is roughly USD 150,000 to 155,000.

Is a Vanuatu passport strong?

It is weaker than it was. Since February 2025 Vanuatu nationals need a visa for short stays in the Schengen area, and since July 2023 they need a visa for the UK. Agent marketing quotes visa-free counts from the 90s to over 110 destinations, but those counts vary and should be checked destination by destination.

Do Vanuatu passport holders need a visa for the UK?

Yes. The UK introduced a visa requirement for ni-Vanuatu nationals on 19 July 2023 because of concerns about Vanuatu's citizenship by investment scheme, and Vanuatu remains on the UK visa national list updated in March 2026. Visitors normally need a Standard Visitor visa before travelling.

Can Vanuatu citizens travel to Europe without a visa?

No. The EU suspended visa-free travel for Vanuatu passports issued from May 2015 in 2022, extended it to all Vanuatu nationals from 4 February 2023, and made the visa requirement permanent through Regulation (EU) 2025/11, applying from 4 February 2025. It covers the Schengen area, including Switzerland.

How long does Vanuatu citizenship by investment take?

Clean single or couple files under the DSP are commonly processed in 30 to 60 days, while larger or complex family files can take three to six months or longer. After approval, the applicant has three months, extendable by two, to take the oath and pay the citizenship fee.

Can I include my spouse, children and parents?

Yes. The DSP prices families in tiers, with USD 10,000 for each additional applicant beyond a couple and two children. Market guides say children up to 25 in full-time education and financially dependent parents can often be included, but the precise dependant rules should be confirmed with the designated agent before applying.

Can Vanuatu investor citizens vote?

No. On 14 August 2026 Vanuatu's Court of Appeal held that a person granted citizenship through the dual citizenship investor route remains a dual citizen even after losing their other nationality, so the constitutional restrictions on dual citizens in political life, including voting, continue to apply.

Can Vanuatu revoke citizenship bought through investment?

Yes, on limited grounds: fraud, a grant contrary to the Citizenship Act or Constitution, or breach of the Act's restrictions. In September 2026 the Commission said it had not revoked Andrew Tate's citizenship, and that revocation for criminality requires a conviction with a long prison sentence, reported as 10 years or more.

Is Vanuatu cheaper than Caribbean citizenship by investment?

Yes, on headline price. Vanuatu's DSP starts at USD 130,000, while the Eastern Caribbean states have harmonised a USD 200,000 minimum, with St Kitts and Nevis at USD 250,000 and Antigua and Barbuda at USD 230,000. The Caribbean passports, however, still offer visa-free short stays in the Schengen area.

Sources

1. Vanuatu Citizenship Office and Commission: Fees and Charges
2. Vanuatu Citizenship Office and Commission: Application process
3. Vanuatu Citizenship Office and Commission: Types of citizenship
4. Vanuatu Citizenship Office and Commission: Legislative framework
5. Vanuatu Citizenship Office and Commission: Real Estate Option Program (REO)
6. Vanuatu Citizenship Office and Commission: Revocation
7. Global Law Experts: Vanuatu Passport Cost: Official Fee Breakdown and Realistic All-in Examples
8. Global Law Experts: Vanuatu Citizenship for Families: Who You Can Include, Exact Costs and Timelines
9. Regulation (EU) 2025/11 of 19 December 2024 amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1806 as regards Vanuatu
10. European Commission: Commission proposes to permanently withdraw visa free travel from Vanuatu (31 May 2024)
11. Swiss Federal Council: Switzerland to introduce permanent visa requirement for Vanuatu nationals (15 January 2025)
12. GOV.UK: Visa requirement for ni-Vanuatu nationals visiting UK (20 July 2023)
13. GOV.UK: Immigration Rules Appendix Visitor: Visa national list
14. European Parliament: Agreement on suspending short-stay visa-free travel (17 June 2025)
15. European Commission: Eighth report under the Visa Suspension Mechanism, COM(2025) 792 final (19 December 2025)
16. Court of Justice of the European Union: Commission v Malta, Case C-181/23 (29 April 2025)
17. Vanuatu Daily Post: Dual citizen loses appeal over Vanuatu voting rights (August 2026)
18. Vanuatu Daily Post: EU and Vanuatu continue dialogue on citizenship scheme risks (August 2026)
19. RNZ: Vanuatu Citizenship Office says Andrew Tate remains a citizen, for now (September 2026)
20. OCCRP: Vanuatu denies revoking Andrew Tate's citizenship (September 2026)
21. ASPI The Strategist: The Nakamal Agreement is not quite the deal Australia wanted (1 July 2026)
22. St Kitts and Nevis Citizenship by Investment Unit: Sustainable Island State Contribution
23. Commonwealth of Dominica Citizenship by Investment Unit: Investment options
24. Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment Unit: National Development Fund

About this article

This analysis was researched and written by The Corporate INTL Newsroom, which covers cross-border legal, regulatory and business developments for lawyers, professional advisers and financiers in over 150 jurisdictions. It has been checked against the Vanuatu Citizenship Office and Commission's published fees and procedures, Regulation (EU) 2025/11, European Commission and European Parliament publications, the UK government's announcements and Immigration Rules, the official sites of the St Kitts and Nevis, Dominica and Antigua and Barbuda programmes, the Court of Justice's judgment in Commission v Malta, guides published by our sister publication Global Law Experts, and reporting by the Vanuatu Daily Post, RNZ, OCCRP and ASPI. Market estimates of all-in costs, dependant rules and processing times are attributed and may differ between providers; the Court of Appeal's judgment was reviewed through reporting rather than the full text. This article is general information, not legal, tax or immigration advice; for advice on a specific matter, consult a qualified adviser. Last reviewed 8 October 2026. For more analysis like this, visit the Corporate INTL newsroom or subscribe to Corporate INTL.